If you’re one of the 1 in 6 American men diagnosed with prostate cancer, we know how concerning that can be. But at Central Maine Healthcare, you can count on the most effective treatments available to help conquer the condition and lead a longer, active life.
About Prostate Cancer
The prostate is a small, walnut-shaped gland found in men just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer occurs when the cells in the prostate grow abnormally. Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, which develop from the gland cells that make the prostate fluid that is added to the semen.
Other than skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among American men. Prostate cancer is mostly diagnosed in men over age 65 and becomes increasingly common with advancing age. It also is more common in African-American men than in Caucasian, Hispanic or Asian-American men.
Fortunately, most prostate cancers are slow growing, easily diagnosed and highly treatable.
Prevention
While there’s no proven strategy to prevent prostate cancer, there are some ways you may help lower your risk. Start by understanding the prostate cancer risk factors that may affect you, and some simple ways you can promote your good health. If you have a family history of prostate cancer, including a father or brother with the disease, we offer complementary genetic cancer counseling to address any concerns.
Detection
Because prostate cancer often develops slowly, many men do not notice any symptoms in the early stages, when it’s easiest to treat. If you’re over 50, Central Maine Healthcare recommends annual prostate cancer screenings to help you stay on top of your health. Our urologists perform these quick and routine tests right in the office. If we find anything abnormal, we’ll also arrange all follow-up tests, including the latest in ultrasound-guided biopsy.
Treatment
If you’re diagnosed with prostate cancer, rest assured you’re in highly skilled and caring hands. Our multi-skilled team will work closely with you to create a cancer treatment plan We offer the most advanced technology available, including the Versa HD accelerator, which delivers high-dose, highly-precise radiation to kill cancer cells while preserving healthy tissue. All treatments are designed to help protect the delicate nerves that control urinary and sexual function.
Support
Throughout your journey, you’ll find a variety of cancer support services to meet your physical, emotional, spiritual and financial needs. That includes support groups as well as your own nurse navigator to coordinate all of your care, connect you to valuable resources and answer any questions every step of the way.
Screening and Diagnosis
While there is no sure way to prevent prostate cancer, there are ways you can help lower your risk. At Central Maine Healthcare, we offer the education you need to stay on top of your health, plus dedicated prevention and early detection tools to catch the disease early.
Prostate Cancer Screening
Central Maine Healthcare encourages men ages older than 50 to get annual prostate cancer screenings, which can help catch this common condition early, when it can be closely monitored or treated. African-American men and those with a family history of prostate cancer should be screened sooner, typically by age 40 or 45. We offer routine screenings, including a prostate-screening antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal exam (DRE) to check the prostate for any abnormalities.
Know Your Prostate Cancer Risk Factors
About one in seven men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime. Researchers don’t know the exact cause of the disease, but have found certain risk factors that may contribute. Many factors are beyond your control:
- Age: Prostate cancer is rare in men younger than 40, but the chance rises rapidly after age 50. About six in 10 cases are found in men older than 65.
- Race: African-American men are at greater risk than Caucasian men and are twice as likely to die from the disease.
- Nationality: Prostate cancer is most common in North America and northwestern Europe and less common in Asia, Africa, Central America and South America.
- Family history: Having a father or brother with prostate cancer more than doubles a man’s risk of developing this disease.
Fortunately, there are some things you can do that may help lower your risk and enhance your overall health, including being physically active, maintaining a healthy weight and eating right. The American Cancer Society recommends a diet low in red meats (especially those high in fat) and high in vegetables, fruits and grains. Some studies also suggest that taking 50 mg of vitamin E daily can lower the risk of prostate cancer.
Take Control with Our Prevention and Detection Programs
If you think you may be at higher risk for prostate cancer, or just want to stay proactive, we offer comprehensive prevention and screening services at all three Central Maine Healthcare.
Genetic Cancer Counseling
About 5 to 10% of all prostate cancers diagnosed are hereditary. A man with a father or brother who has been diagnosed is twice as likely to develop prostate cancer as a man with no family history of the disease.
Recent studies have also begun to identify inherited gene changes that may increase a man’s risk for prostate cancer, though there is not current genetic testing available. But, if you have a strong family history of the disease, our genetic cancer counselors can address any concerns and help you manage your risk.
Treatment
If you’ve been diagnosed with prostate cancer, you probably have questions and concerns. The good news is that the disease can often be treated successfully. At Central Maine Healthcare, we’ll answer all your questions and explain all your options.
Prostate Cancer Treatment
Treatment of prostate cancer depends on many factors, including your overall health and wellness, the stage of the cancer (early or advanced), and your personal feelings around certain treatments and possible side effects. Your cancer care team will work closely with you to determine the best plan, which may include access to cancer clinical trials, right here in Central Maine Healthcare.
Surgery
Surgery is the primary treatment for mostly younger men and many older men with early-stage prostate cancer. The most common procedure is called radical prostatectomy, which removes the prostate gland and nearby lymph nodes.
The prostate is close to the urethra and genitals, which makes this procedure complicated. Your surgeon will work to avoid damage that can cause urinary or sexual problems.
Radiation Therapy
Central Maine Healthcare uses the most advanced radiation technology available to treat prostate cancer with extreme precision, while avoiding normal, healthy tissue. Options include:
- External beam radiation therapy (EBRT): In EBRT, beams of radiation are focused on the prostate gland from a machine outside the body called a linear accelerator. Because the prostate is close to other critical body structures, a clear view of the prostate during radiation therapy is critical to avoid side effects such as incontinence and impotence. Our radiologists use an advanced accelerator to plan and deliver high-dose radiation with unmatched precision. The result is faster, more effective treatments that minimize the impact on your quality of life.
- Internal radiation therapy: Also called HD brachytherapy, this minor outpatient procedure involves implanting tiny radioactive seeds close to the prostate tumor. These seeds, about the size of a grain of rice, remain in place and give off radiation to the tumor site for weeks or months. Brachytherapy alone is generally used only in men with early-stage prostate cancer that is relatively slow growing. It often offers a variety of advantages, including minimal risk of urinary incontinence and sexual problems, and a quicker return to regular activities.
Our radiation oncologists may also consult with specialists at Massachusetts General Hospital, if necessary. Our affiliation with MGH – a world leader in cancer research and treatments – ensures that our patients receive the highest quality of cancer care.
Medical Therapies
As part of our whole-body medical oncology program, we offer the latest and most effective chemotherapy options. Chemotherapy is not a standard treatment for early prostate cancer, but it may be used if the cancer has spread outside the prostate. Recent studies have shown that newer chemo drugs can help men live a longer and higher quality of life.
We also offer hormone therapy, which works by reducing the body’s level of male hormones, called androgens, which prostate cancer cells need to grow. This treatment uses medications that inhibit the body’s hormone production, or by surgically removing the testicles.
Hormone therapy may be used before radiation to try to shrink the cancer to make treatment more effective, after surgery or radiation if the cancer returns or if you can’t have traditional treatments for specific reasons.
Cryotherapy
Also called cryosurgery or cryoablation, this technique uses very cold temperatures to freeze and kill prostate cancer cells. Cryotherapy is sometimes used to treat early-stage prostate cancer, or as an option if the cancer has returned after radiation therapy. During the procedure, an ultra-thin probe is inserted into the prostate gland, then infuses freezing liquid to destroy cancerous areas. By using ultrasound as a guide, your surgeon can limit damage to healthy tissue.
Active Surveillance
If your prostate cancer is small, not expected to grow quickly and isn’t causing any symptoms, your doctor may recommend an approach called active surveillance, or watchful waiting. This means that instead of treatment (and potential side effects), the cancer will be monitored closely, with prostate cancer screenings and other tests done every few months. If your results change, or you start to experience symptoms, you may then begin a treatment plan.
Active surveillance is often recommended for men who may not need treatment for prostate cancer, or for older men who have other serious health problems. Men who are young and healthy are less likely to be offered this approach, out of concern that the cancer might become a problem over the next 20 or 30 years.